Early Irish History--English
Somali.waxa Turjumay Abdiaziz- Mussa
Taariikhdii Hore ee Irishka
Taariikh yahanadu waxa ay Ireland ku qiyaaseen in ay tahay meelahii u horeyay ee uu dago binadamku marka la dhinaca dhigo herarkii kala duwanaa ee ay yururb soo martay qiyaas ahaan 10,000 oo sano ka hor qiyaastii sidoo kale Afarkun (4000) oo Sano Nabi Ciise ka hore waxa lagu qiyaasa in beeralaydii ugu horeysay in ay soo gashay Ireland , sidoo kale luuqad irishka ayaa jirtay mudadaasi taas oo ah ta hadda rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Ireland ka jirta waxana la yidhaa Gaali (Gaeilge) in kastoo mjtamacu intooda badani ka hadlaan English oo aand maqlaynba Gaali marka laga reebo qoraaladda dawladu ku qorto xafiisaydeeda,
Early Christian Ireland
Bilowgii Kiristanka Ireland
Imaanshahii iyo raacistii Saint Patrick iyo kirishtanka kale ( Christian missionaries) horaantii badhtanka qarnigii shanaad , kiristiyanadigu waxa ay meesh ka saareen Aminsanaata diimahii ee loogu yimid Ireland 600 ciise dabadii , Aqoonyahanadda irishka ah ee Sida saxda ah u bartay latinka iyo luuqada Greeka waxa ay diinta ku faafiyeen dhamaan Ireland oo dhan taas oo aad calamadaheedii aad ka arkaysid dalka oo dhan.
The Viking Era
Casrigii Vikingka
Dhamaadkii qarnigii 8 aad ama xiliyadii qarnigii 9aad ee budhacda badaha ee iskadaneefiyanka oo loo yaqaanak (Vikingka) halkaas oo hadda loogu yeedho Scandinavia, waxa ka bilaabmay in ay galaan oo ay Ayar ayar u dagaan iyagoo ahaa bulsho isku dhex jira oo Irish ah dhulka Ireland , Vikings waxa ay Asaaseen Dublin Ireland oo ah caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda Ireland 988kii . ka dib markii laga adkaaday meeshana uu Aayar Aayar uga baxay Vikings -waxa yimid dalka Ireland boqorkii sare ee Ireland Brian boru 1014 kii
The Norman Era
Casrigii Norman
Qarnigii 12 aad waxa la arkay imaanshahii dadkii loo yaqaan Norman sidaynu la socono Normans waxa ay dhiseen taagaga laga ilaaliyo Magaalooyinka, Qalcadaha iyo Makaniisadaha waxayna kor u qaadeen ganacsiga iyo beeraha Ireland…norman waxa ay ahaayeen dad can ka ahaa yurub imikana lagu magacaabo gobol ka tirsan fransiiska
Plantations and Penal Laws
Xeerarkii Ciqaabta ee Leexsanaa
Ka dib Boqor Henry VIII (King Henry VIII) markii uu ku dhawaaqay Madaxii Makaniisada ee England 1534 waxa ay u xaqiijiyeen Barlamanka irish-kuna in uu isagu yahay boqorka Ireland 1541 wakhtigaa ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 17 aad, si rasmiya siyaasadda leexsan ee lagu hogaaminayey soo galitaanka kumanaan English iyo Scottish protestant oo la dajiyay Ireland , waa Guusha ugu weynd ee leexsanaanta ,waxa ay ka dhacday Ulster ka hadaba xiligaa waxa bilaabamay iska hor imaadka Caqiidada waxayna si guud ka noqotay taariikhda irishka
Qarnigii 17 aad waxa uu ahaa qarnigii dhiiga koowaad ee Ireland- waxa ay ahayd in dadka la kala firdhiyo ama xukunkii jiray uu ku jideeyo xukuno ciqaabeed , sharciyada la dajiyay waxa ay awooda ka qaadayeen dadka aaminsan madhabta Catholics-ka tusaale ahaan xaqa ay u leeyahiin in ay gali karaan heshiis kiro ama dhulkooga iyo guryahooda iyo waxyaabaha kale ee qiimaha ku fadhiya iibin karaan , waxa kale oo la soo dajiyay In dadka Aaminsan catholic-ka laga mamnuuco waxbarashada iyo galista xirfadaha waxbarasho waxa lagu soo rogay in makaniisadahu in ay ku dhaqamaan xeerarkaa dawladda ee makaniisadaha Ireland oo dhan , Waqtiyadii qarnigii 18 aad waxa la fudaydiyay xeerka ciqaabta laakiin 1778 catholic-ku waxa uu helay oo kaliya 5% dhulka Ireland,
Union with Great Britain
Midowgii Dhul weynaha Britain
1782 Barlamankii shaqaynayey ee uu hogaaminayey Henry Grattan ee caqiiidada kiristanka ee (a Protestant) waxa ay ku guulaysteen in ay u doodan in badan oo ay daneynayeen in xidhiidh ganacsi dhex mara England taasi waxa ay ahayd arrin sharci oo aad u weyn oo Madaxbanaani uu ku helay Barlamaanka Ireland.
Hadaba sidee ayey London wali ku sii xukuntay in badan oo ka mida Ireland , Dhiiri-galin ka timid Kacaankii Faransiiska 1791 oo ahayd fikrad laga soo qaatay halkaas ayaa lagu dhisay Urur loogu yeedho midowgii irishka oo dadka irishka ah ee ku midaysanaa diimaha oo dhan iyo hoos u dhac ku yimid britishka Ireland xukumayey iyo hogaamiyayaashii dada yar yaraa ee Dublin protestant oo loogu yeedh jiray Theobald Wolfe Tone iyo Midowgii Ragga Irishka ah waxa ay dhiirigalisay cutubyaddii hubaysnaa ee 1798 iyadoo ay jirtay isku day fara badan oo caawimo lagaga helayo guul daradii cutubyadii fransiiska 1801 iyo sharcigii midowga ee la Ansixiyay ee Ireland iyo siyaasadda Britain
1829 mid ka mida hogaamiyayaashii ugu weynaa Ireland Daniel O’Connell, oo loo yaqaanay ‘the great liberator’ Hogaamiyahii xoriyadda waxa uu ahaa udub dhaxaadkii laga helay sharcigii Catholic- Emancipation ee uu meel mariyay parliament-ka ka dhisnaa London. Isagoo ku guulaystay Codad Meesha ka saaraya in katoliga laga mamanuuco baarlamanka waxaana la ogolaaday in ay xubin ka noqon karaan kaataligu Baarlamanka England
Guushaa ka dib ee O’Connell u jeedadiisu Waxa ay ahayd in Meesha laga saaro Sharcigii Midowga iyo in dib loo dhiso Barlaman Irish-ah, arintani waxa ay ahayd shaqo aad u weyn oo O’Connell’s wajahay oo aan rabshad wadan taas oo aan lagu wada taageerin sida arrimaha siyaasadda taas oo ay mugdi galisay masiibadii khasaaraha badan lahayd ee ka dhacday Ireland ee ahayd macluushii weynad ee sababtay dhimashadda dadka reer Ireland .
The Great Famine
Macluushii weynad
Baradhadu waxa ay ahayd cuntadda kaliya ee umadda waqtigaasi cuni jirtay markii nooc cudur ah oo u eeg cudurka warshadahu ku dhacay midhaha baradhada ee soo gui lahaa dalka oo dhan 1845 ,1846 iyo 1847 ayey masiibadaasi waxa ay sababtay in gabi ahaanba dadku wax ay cunaan waayeeen una dhintaan gaajo , Dawladda Britishku waxa ay kaga jawaabtay in ay caawimo ka geysto masiibadaa, inkastoo heshiiskii ganacsi ee laga xukumayey London ay jirta xiligaas oo kumanaan dad ahi soo food saartay Macluul xad-dhaafi , oo loo dhoofin jiray aduunyadda midhaha beeraha ka soo go,a ayaa Ireland waxa lagu qasbay in ay u dhoofiyaan go,yaal faro badan ama (Baco faro badan) oo ay ka buuxaan qamandi iyo caano lana geeyo Britain iyo aduunyadda kale) iyadoo ay jirto qaybo ka mida dalku in Dadku gaajo u dhimanayaan ,
Intii u dhaxaystay 1845 iyo 1851 laba million oo qof ayaa dhintay ama lagu qasbay in ay ka haajiraan Ireland , waxa lagu qiyaasay dadka reer Ireland 8 million xilligaa oo aanay marnaba gaadhin wixii ka danbeeyay xilligaa ,
Taariikhda haajiraada Ireland way socotay laga bilaabo xilligaa waxayana inta badan dadka irish-ka ahi u haajiri jireen Dalka maraykanka United States of America.
Home Rule
Sharcigii is xukun hoosaadka
Waxa jirata arrin saameyn xun ku yeelata oo ka hor timid maamulkii Briton ee Ireland ilaa dadaalkii Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91). Isagoo xilligaas dadiisu ahayd 31 waxa uu noqoday hogaamiyaha xisbiga irish home rule party, Macnaheedu tahay (Xisbiga is xukun hoosadka ) kaas oo noqoday xisbigii baarlamanka irishka ee 1882.
Waqtigaa Parnell Kuma guulaysan in uu xukumo dhulka ama dawladda ay leeyahiin dadku (or self-government), dadaalkiisu waxa uu ahaa in xirafadiisa uu u leeyahay shaqadda House of Commons uu xoogsado oo kaliya ( earned him the title of ‘the uncrowned king of Ireland’.)
Sharaxaad aan ka bixiyo Sharciga is maamulka ama xukun hoosaadka Irishka lagu siinayey xilligaas ee dawladdii London,
Dawladda Ireland ee xukun hoosaadka la siiyay 1914 waxa loo yaqaanay sharcigaa Home rule Act sharci nimadiisa ka hore waxa loo yaqaanay Third Home Rule bill, waxaanu noqoday Sharci ay ansixiyaan Baarlamanka Boqortooyadda (UK) u jeedaduna waxa ay ahayd in maamul hoosad lagu siiyo irishka kaas oo hoos yimaadda UK, waana sharci ay soo jeediyeen dawladii liberalka ahayd ee ka jirtay Uk ka dib markii 28 sano xilli ah ay irishku dalbanayeen is xukun hoosaad taas oo ay dawladu kaga jawaabtay sharciga (home rule) waxaanu noqoday sharcigii u horeyay ee dawladdu ansixiso ama ingriisku ee uu ku hor marinayo dawlada Ireland ee hoos iman jirtay dalweynahii ingriiska .in kastoo sharcigaa dib loo dhigay 1914 kii 12 bilood kadib dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka(first world war ) iyo sii socodkii dagaalkaa 1915 oo ay jirtay dib u dhac weyn oo sii soctay sharcigaasi muu hana qaadin waxaana bilaabmay kacdoonkii Easterka la magac baxay 1916 waxaanu ingriisku Ansixiyay 1920kii sharcigii (dawladanimadda Ireland ) kaas oo u kala qaybiyay Ireland Waqooyi iyo koonfur kuwaas oo u jeedadu ahayd in labada dhinaca helaan mid waliba ismaamul gaara,
Easter Rising
Kacdoonkii Easterka
April 24keed 1916 kacdoonkii Easter ka ee maalinta isniinta bilaabmay (Easter Monday) 1916, laba kooxood oo hubaysan oo ku kacsan dawladda kuwaas oo kala ahaa the Irish Volunteers iyo the Irish Citizen Army waxa ay qabsadeen goobo muhiima oo ka mida Dublin. The Irish Volunteers waxa hogaaminayey Padraig Pearse waxa kale oo the Irish Citizen Army hogaaminayey James Connolly. Banaanka hore ee GPO (General Post Office) ee Magaaladda Dublin suuqeeda dhexe ayuu ninka la yidhaa Padraig Pearse akhriyay Baaqii Jamhuuriyadda Ireland ee lagaga dhawaaqay Jamhuuriyadda Irish-ku in ay ka madaxbanaan tahay dalka Britain. Ciidamadii ingriiska iyo kooxahii ka soo horjeeday iyo dadweynahaba waxa soo gaadhay xiligaas khasaare weyn Kacdoonkaa (Easterka) waxa uu dhamaaday April 30-keedii ka dib markii ay isdhiibeen kooxahii kacdoonka waday , kacdoonkaa dawladda britishku waxa ay kaga jawaabtay in ay disho in badan oo ka mida hogaamiyayaashii kacdoonka oo ay ka mid yahiin todobadii nine ee saxeexay Baaqii irishka oo uu ku jiro ninkii akhriyay baaqaasi . Pearse iyo Connolly.
Laba ka mida kuwa ugu weyn kooxdaasi ku lug lahayd kacdoonkaasi waxa ka mid ahaa Éamon de Valera and Michael Collins. Waxayna December 1918 Doorashadii xisbiga the Sinn Féin party hogaamiyay Éamon de Valera waxaanu ku guulaystay inta badan kuraastii Ireland ee House of Commons. 21 January 1919 Sinn Féin xubno ka mida House of Commons ayaa iskugu yimid Dublin si ay u soo dhisaan Baarlaman ay leedahay Jamhuuriyadda Ireland kaas oo loogu yidho afka irishka Dáil Éireann, ku dhawaaqistaasi ayaa ahad awood ay sheegtan in ay xukumaan jasiiradda Ireland oo dhan xubnahaasi
War of Independence
Dagaalkii Madaxbanaanida
Waxa xigay dagaalkii loo yaqaanay (dagaalkii madaxbanaanida) ‘war of independence’ ka dib markii Irish Republican Army – ay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal cusub oo lagu dhawaaqayo qaran uu yeesho jamhuuriyadda Ireland, kooxdaa jabhada ah ee ka soo horjeeday xoogaga Britishka 1919 to 1921. Mid ka mida hogaamiyaashii ugu weynaa waxa uu ahaa Michael Collins.bishii December 1921 heshiiskii u ogolaanayey jamhuuriyadda Ireland in ay noqoto dal madaxbanaan marka laga reebo waqooyiga Ireland ayuu saxeexay kaas oo u dhaxeeyay Irish ka iyo Dawladda Britishka , halkaa markay marayso waxa cadaatay in ugu danbeyn irishku heleen madaxbanaanid isagoo heshiiskaasi ahaa mid kala qaybiyay Jamhuuriyaddii irishka ahayd xagga fikirka siyaasadeed ee dadka irishka ahaa kuwaas oo ku taameyay in la helo Jasiiradda irish ah oo isku dhan oo jamhuuriyadd ah . hadaba kala qaybsanaanta irishka ee ugu weyniba waxa ay dhacday xilligaa markii 32 kii gobo lee irishka ahaa lix (6) ka mida oo north Ireland ay baaqi ku noqodeen Xukunkii Boqortooyadda ingriiska iyadoo 26kii gobol ee kale oo ilaa hadda jira loo bixiyay (dawladda xorta ah ee irishka ) taas oo la asaasay 1922.
Civil War
Dagaalkii sukeeye ee Irishka dhexmaray.
Sidaa Awgeed waxa bilaabmay kala qaybsanaantii afkaarta ee Ireland dagaalkaasi waxa uu socoday 1922 ilaa 1923 waxaanu u dhaxeyay dagaalkaasi kuwa Taageersan heshiiska irishku ku qaateen madaxbanaanida jamhuuriyadda Ireland iyo kuwa ka soo horjeeda oo kala hogaaminayaan Collins (pro-treaty) iyo de Valera (anti-treaty) oo ah dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Cawaaqib xumadaasi waxa keenay labada xisbi ee ugu waaweyn irishka ee hadda jira oo dagaalkaasina ka dhexeyay Fine Gael (pro-treaty) and Fianna Fáil (anti-treaty). Dagaalkii sukeeye ee xilligaasi waxa uu akhrkii keenay Daganaasho Siyaasadeed oo ka hanaqaada dalka
Northern Ireland
Waqooyiga Ireland
Heshiis la mida kii Ireland la gashay Ingriiska (Government of Ireland Act of 1920) kaas oo lagu abuuray (Dawladda irishka xorta ah) ayaa barlamanka waqooyiga Irelandisna lagu abuuray waxaanu ka koobnaa inta badan xubnaha Protestant ka Aaminsa ( majority of Protestants ) halkaas oo ahayd mid dagan xaalkeedu tobaneeyo sanadood ilaa dhamaadkii 1960 kii waxa jiray nidaam lagu faquuqayo ama lagag soo horjeedo Catholic-ga
1968 bilowgiisii waxa la arkay mudaharaad kaatoligu ku mareen waqooyiga Ireland kaasoo horseeday qalalaaso ay kaga jawaaban qaar ka mida protestant-gu iyo xoogaga police-ku wixii xigay xilligaa waxa loo yaqaanay ‘the Troubles’ waqtigii (carqaladaha ama khilaafka) markii kooxaha wadaniyiinta nationalist/republican iyo kooxaha u daacada ah kuwa jecel midnimada UK loyalist/unionist ay kooxu iskaga hor yimaadeen ,
1969 dawladda britishku waxa ay u dirtay xoogag British ah magaaladda Derry iyo Belfast si ay u soo celiyaan una ilaaliyaan kaatoliga laga tirade badan yahay (Catholic minority) si kastaba ha ahaatee waxa la arkay xilligaa in ciidamada ay ka dhigteen tuul ama wax lagu shaqeysto kuwa tirade badan ee protestant-ku oo isticmaalay ciidankii nabada taas oo horseeday dagaalkii dhiiga badan ku daatay ee . ee la magac baxay Bloody Sunday ee dhacay 1972 markii xoogaga Britishku ku fureen rasaas nool dad mudahraadayay ee kaataliga oo socod ku marayey magaaladda Derry kuna dileen 13 qof, waxa kor u kacay rabshadaha hubaysan ee military-gu hogaaminayo kaas oo geystay gabood falyo labada dhinac ah . xilligaa khilaafka guud ahaan waxa uu la magac-baxay ‘the Troubles’ Guud ahaan waxa la gaadhay heshiis ka dhacay Belfast oo lagu dhamaystirayo rabashadahaas mudada soo socoday oo la magac baxay Jimachii wanaagsanaa ( Good Friday) kaas oo dhacay April 10th 1998. Dhibaataddasi waxa ay soo afjartay dagaal bilaabmay 1969 and 1998 kaas oo lagu qiyaasay dadkii lagu dilay 3,000 oo qof oo shacbi iyo kooxahii dagaalamayey ku jiraan waxaanu kala qaybiyay bulshada Ireland,
Ilaa 1998 waxa ay ku naaloonaysay xasilooni iyo nabad-galyo waqooyiga Ireland ..2007 xisbiyaddii sida qadhaadh iskaga soo horjeeday ee Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) iyo Sinn Féin waxa ay bilaabeen in si midnimo qaran ah u soo dhisaan dawlad ka kooban dhamaan waqooyiga Ireland,
Republic of Ireland – 20th Century to present day
1937 Dastuurka iriland ayaa wax laga badalay oo waxa laga saaray magacii hore ee ahaa (free irish state) waxaana lagu badalay Jamhuuriyadda Ireland, (the Republic of Ireland)
1973 Ireland waxa ay ku biirtay European Economic Community oo hadda loo yaqaan Midowga Yurub (European Union).
1980 Dhaqaalaha irishka waxa ku dhacay hoos u dhacii ugu weynaa abid waxaana dalka ka haajiray kumanaan shaqo doona kuwaas oo u badnaa dhalinyaro waxayna tageen United Kingdom, the United States of America iyo Australia.
Isbadakii 1980kii dhacay iyadoo la kaashanayo xubnaha ka tirsan European Community oo hadda la yidhaa (European Union) waxayna Ireland ka dhigtay mid ka mida meelaha ugu sareya dunida korista dhaqaalaha Ireland 1990 waxa loo tixgaliyay wadanka ugu weyn ee mhuaajiriinta Ama wadan hijrooday , This period in Irish history was called the Celtic Tiger.
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